You will need

• - freezer,
• - several containers
• - household water filter,
• - Activated carbon,
• - rubber tube.

Instruction

The simplest and most affordable method in everyday life is freezing. This method was used even in the deep. It consists in the following: the container is cooled to sub-zero temperatures until the water freezes. To do this in modern conditions is easiest by placing it in the freezer. The temperature of the oil is usually well below the freezing point of water. After a while, the water will turn into ice, and the oil will remain liquid. It can be easily drained into a separate bowl, and gently wipe the surface of the ice with a dry cloth to remove oil residue.

Another easy way is filtering. Any household filter will work for this. True, to begin with, you will need to drain most of the oil so as not to subject the filter mixture to too much stress. After the oil is drained, pass the water through the filter. It will come out without an oil film.

A more complicated way is absorption. It consists in the fact that a special substance (the so-called absorbent agent) is placed in a container with oil, which absorbs foreign impurities, leaving only water. The most accessible of these substances is the usual activated one. True, you will need quite a lot of it: take from three to one relative to the available volume of oil. Place all this in an airtight container and shake vigorously for a long time. You can evaluate the end of the process visually. If necessary, change the dishes several times, as some of the oil will inevitably remain on the walls. It may take several agent boot cycles. But at the end you will get pure water without any impurities.

And finally, you can do it quite simply. Take a long rubber tube. One end of it must be lowered into a container with water and oil (for convenience, it can be fixed with adhesive tape), the other - into a dish located half a meter below this container. Attention: the upper end of the tube must be at the very bottom of the filled container. Prepare two more containers in advance: under the oil and under the intermediate substance. Then everything happens in much the same way as in the process of draining fuel from a gas tank. You suck air from the lower end of the tube and lower it into the prepared dishes. The water will immediately begin to drain. The process must be carefully controlled, and when almost all the water has flowed out of the upper dish, quickly transfer the tube to the container for the intermediate substance. After waiting for oil to pour out of the tube, substitute the dishes intended for oil. If everything is done quickly and correctly, the volume of the intermediate substance will be very small, and water and oil, as required, will be poured into two different containers.

Physics begins with questions - "what will happen if ...?" Questions come from observation.
- How to arouse interest in observations in a grandson?
- Without special efforts if you ask yourself questions, you get carried away and surprised)

A week passed, the second went, the riddle from the previous issue remained unsolved:
What's wrong with liquids?
In one comment, they noticed that the oil is sitting at the bottom, what kind of chemistry?
But it's not about chemistry - it's about pure physics.
Ordinary vegetable oil and water like water.

Oil stain under normal conditions

It floats where it is supposed to - on the surface.

But, doing the experiment with a leaflet and atmospheric pressure, the glass was covered with paper -
oil stuck to it

Like a water drop - only "upside down": it should float,
but hesitated, stuck to the paper surface.

- And what will happen to the drops of water in the oil?
- They will fall to the bottom, water is heavier ..

Pour a layer of oil on top of the water (so as not to waste) -

Let's release a few drops of water from the tube -
she should be drowning in oil, but - the drops hang like raindrops under the eaves.

If you add a little water to each from above - they swell, stretch and come off -
just like the classic drops.

Gradually, one by one, the water balls separate from the surface, sink, but - instead of
to dive into their native aquatic environment - they settle on the border of oil and water with funny cakes)

(pink - slightly tinted to distinguish from random air bubbles in the picture)

The paint dissipates, the balls fade, but they still live long enough to slowly consider their transformation.

If you are lucky with the size, you can observe an interesting phenomenon:
the thickest drop "flows" through the layer boundary,
a noticeable tubercle forms under it,

It swells .. and if you knock on the glass from below -
the drop breaks off and rises again!

- But it's all water, how does it hold up
such "buns", without merging with a common body of water?

It is difficult to catch the focus inside the water-oil environment.
If you repeat the experiment live and take a closer look, it is noticeable even to the eye that the drops
not just like that, but in a thin oil shell. And they don't stick to each other.

Real water anti-bubbles!

Question for grandson
What is thicker water or oil? What's harder?

A pack of oil floats perfectly even right in the pack,

Decorative candle drifts without a stand,
liquid fat invariably collects on the surface of the soup.

Those. what is thicker ("according to science" - has a high viscosity), which may be easier.

Oil or paraffin molecules, complex and spreading -

Because of this, layers of viscous liquids are not so readily shifted when poured or stirred with a spoon,
like layers of water inhabited by small, nimble molecules; fat or melted paraffin
they splash sluggishly, flow slowly - and seem viscous: we consider them to be more "thick",
but water molecules, on the other hand, sit more tightly - a glass of water is heavier than a glass of oil: water has more density.

Nail polish, which, it would seem, is thick and viscous - but it is also lighter than water!
- floats on water like an oil film

And just like oil, it can be collected on paper - an almost clean water surface remains -

And if you cover it with transparent plastic, the lacquer patterns will be copied onto it.

Detergent is heavier than water
soapy liquid snakes slowly settling like paste from a tube

A bar of soap also sinks. Soap floats only in the form of foam.

So that the youngest viewers do not get bored - blow into the tube:
there was a solution on the bottom - eq it was blown!

blew the roof off :)

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Let there be an oil stain,
drop water into it (tinted, for greater effect, so that it is better noticeable)

Floats.
- There were no special conditions in the glass, the effect is stably manifested
regardless of the amount of liquid.

Now let's try adding a drop of detergent.
At first, it forms a bulge, just like water, it floats on the surface of the spot.

But soon it begins to sink to the bottom, pushing the oily environment

Like washing - soap is selected under the greasy stain

And he is washed away by water!

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Fun for beginner physicists: let's color the water!
Can you color the foam?

Toddlers from the age of two invariably like it -
the water was clear, turned yellow. Added blue - became green!

Was at the bottom of the bottle, dripped soap, shook - foam to the top.
Magic, nothing else

In the light, the foam is colored. If you look closely: where there are air bubbles - there it is white,
and where particles of water have risen with foam - there the paint peeps through.
It is noticeable how the water gradually drains, the foam brightens until it becomes white everywhere.

Water can be shaken without soap, it bubbles, but quickly settles.

- Is it possible to foam the oil like that?

If sharply, sharply, strongly, strongly shake the bottle?
A few small, small bubbles form, it doesn’t look like foam at all ..

What if oil is added to the water instead of soap?

More like cream or mayonnaise! =)

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Beginner Pollack Studio:

Dripping and composing patterns

White gaps inside colored ones and swirling mustaches are obtained if you touch
colorful spots with a toothpick, after dipping it in liquid soap -

Workshop for a young experimenter:

A tube instead of a pipette!

Drop into water. Naturally, the tube will fill flush with the liquid level.

Pinch the upper hole with your finger and - you can lift it - the water will not go anywhere!
(Oil is perfectly collected in the same way, anything - alcohol, vinegar)

It is worth releasing your finger - it immediately pours out.

Mystery?

No, it's not a mystery yet.

The riddle of this issue: "Is it easier to wipe off with a tissue or rinse with water?"
Do you remember where it came from and what it is about? And who is really right?

A table of the density of liquids at various temperatures and atmospheric pressure for the most common liquids is given. The density values ​​in the table correspond to the indicated temperatures, data interpolation is allowed.

Many substances are capable of being in a liquid state. Liquids are substances of various origin and composition that have fluidity - they are able to change their shape under the influence of certain forces. The density of a liquid is the ratio of the mass of a liquid to the volume it occupies.

Consider examples of the density of some liquids. The first thing that comes to mind when you hear the word “liquid” is water. And this is not at all accidental, because water is the most common substance on the planet, and therefore it can be taken as an ideal.

Equal to 1000 kg / m 3 for distilled and 1030 kg / m 3 for sea water. Since this value is closely related to temperature, it is worth noting that this “ideal” value was obtained at +3.7°C. The density of boiling water will be somewhat less - it is equal to 958.4 kg / m 3 at 100 ° C. When liquids are heated, their density usually decreases.

The density of water is close in value to various food products. These are products such as: vinegar solution, wine, 20% cream and 30% sour cream. Individual products are denser, for example, egg yolk - its density is 1042 kg / m 3. It turns out to be denser than water, for example: pineapple juice - 1084 kg / m 3, grape juice - up to 1361 kg / m 3, orange juice - 1043 kg / m 3, Coca-Cola and beer - 1030 kg / m 3.

Many substances are less dense than water. For example, alcohols are much lighter than water. So the density is 789 kg / m 3, butyl - 810 kg / m 3, methyl - 793 kg / m 3 (at 20 ° C). Certain types of fuel and oils have even lower density values: oil - 730-940 kg / m 3, gasoline - 680-800 kg / m 3. The density of kerosene is about 800 kg / m 3, - 879 kg / m 3, fuel oil - up to 990 kg / m 3.

Low density indicators are distinguished by liquids such as: turpentine 870 kg / m 3,

It turns out you can walk on water! In Turkey there is a salt lake on which they walk on foot in summer. Salt covers its surface like a crust of ice.

And swimming beetles can run on water. But that's a completely different story...

Let's get back to salt. You can arrange a small salt lake at home.

Let's do an experiment. For this we need 3 liter jars, 3 raw eggs and of course salt. Learned? It seems that everyone in childhood was forced to float eggs in water.

Pour plain water into jars. Add 2 tablespoons of salt to one of them, 5 tablespoons of salt to the other. Mix everything well and dip the eggs into the water.

• In a jar of fresh water, the egg will sink.
• In a jar with a bit of salt, the egg will float in the middle of the jar.
• And in a steep salt solution, the egg will float to the surface.

Why is this happening?

Salt water is denser, heavier than regular, fresh water. So she keeps the egg on the surface. So in a salt lake you can lie on the waves, like on a sofa and read a book. It's all about the density of water.

Pour some water into a glass. Then they lowered a cork and a piece of paraffin candle into the water. They floated like boats on the surface of the water. Pour oil into a glass. It turned out that the cork continued to float on the surface, but already oil, and the paraffin sank lower into the oil layer.

Why did it happen?

Oil is lighter than water, so it sits above water. Cork is lighter than oil, and paraffin is lighter than water, but heavier than oil. This is such an easy-to-heavy story :)

Knowing the density of some substances, come up with your own multilayer liquids. Density is specified in g / cm 3

• Honey 1.35
• Glycerin 1.30
• Whole milk 1.03
• Pure water 1.00
• Sunflower oil 0.93
• Ice 0.90
• Alcohol 0.80
• Gasoline 0.71
• Cork 0.24

See also our experience on the density of substances :)

Experiments are different and not only with liquids. And we have already carried out experiments with densities today. Therefore, I want to GIVE you a collection of experiments with sound. Add volume, ringing and some controlled noise to your life. Believe me, it's very interesting.

Successful experiments! Science is fun!